{"id":8321,"date":"2018-12-31T01:41:47","date_gmt":"2018-12-30T23:41:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/?post_type=dt_lessons&#038;p=8321"},"modified":"2019-11-17T23:25:00","modified_gmt":"2019-11-17T21:25:00","slug":"ggplot-barplot","status":"publish","type":"dt_lessons","link":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/lessons\/ggplot-barplot\/","title":{"rendered":"GGPlot Barplot"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdoc\">\n<p><strong>Barplot<\/strong> (also known as Bar Graph or Column Graph) is used to show discrete, numerical comparisons across categories. One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared and the other axis represents a discrete value scale.<\/p>\n<p>This article describes how to create a <strong>barplot<\/strong> using the ggplot2 R package.<\/p>\n<p>You will learn how to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Create basic and grouped barplots<\/li>\n<li>Add labels to a barplot<\/li>\n<li>Change the bar line and fill colors by group<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Contents:<\/p>\n<div id=\"TOC\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#key-r-functions\">Key R functions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#data-preparation\">Data preparation<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#loading-required-r-package\">Loading required R package<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#basic-barplots\">Basic barplots<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#change-barplot-colors-by-groups\">Change barplot colors by groups<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#barplot-with-multiple-groups\">Barplot with multiple groups<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class='dt-sc-hr-invisible-medium  '><\/div>\n<div class='dt-sc-ico-content type1'><div class='custom-icon' ><a href='https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/product\/ggplot2-essentials-for-great-data-visualization-in-r\/' target='_blank'><span class='fa fa-book'><\/span><\/a><\/div><h4><a href='https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/product\/ggplot2-essentials-for-great-data-visualization-in-r\/' target='_blank'> Related Book <\/a><\/h4>GGPlot2 Essentials for Great Data Visualization in R<\/div>\n<div class='dt-sc-hr-invisible-medium  '><\/div>\n<div id=\"key-r-functions\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Key R functions<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Key function: <code>geom_col()<\/code> for creating bar plots. The heights of the bars represent values in the data.<\/li>\n<li>Key arguments to customize the plot:\n<ul>\n<li><code>color<\/code>, <code>fill<\/code>: bar border and fill color<\/li>\n<li><code>width<\/code>: bar width<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"data-preparation\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Data preparation<\/h2>\n<p>We\u2019ll create two data frames derived from the <code>ToothGrowth<\/code> datasets.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>df &lt;- data.frame(dose=c(\"D0.5\", \"D1\", \"D2\"),\r\n                len=c(4.2, 10, 29.5))\r\n\r\nhead(df)<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>##   dose  len\r\n## 1 D0.5  4.2\r\n## 2   D1 10.0\r\n## 3   D2 29.5<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>df2 &lt;- data.frame(supp=rep(c(\"VC\", \"OJ\"), each=3),\r\n                dose=rep(c(\"D0.5\", \"D1\", \"D2\"),2),\r\n                len=c(6.8, 15, 33, 4.2, 10, 29.5))\r\n\r\nhead(df2)<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>##   supp dose  len\r\n## 1   VC D0.5  6.8\r\n## 2   VC   D1 15.0\r\n## 3   VC   D2 33.0\r\n## 4   OJ D0.5  4.2\r\n## 5   OJ   D1 10.0\r\n## 6   OJ   D2 29.5<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>len<\/code>: Tooth length<\/li>\n<li><code>dose<\/code>: Dose in milligrams (0.5, 1, 2)<\/li>\n<li><code>supp<\/code>: Supplement type (VC or OJ)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"loading-required-r-package\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Loading required R package<\/h2>\n<p>Load the ggplot2 package and set the default theme to <code>theme_classic()<\/code> with the legend at the top of the plot:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>library(ggplot2)\r\ntheme_set(\r\n  theme_classic() +\r\n    theme(legend.position = \"top\")\r\n  )<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"basic-barplots\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Basic barplots<\/h2>\n<p>We start by creating a simple <strong>barplot<\/strong> (named <strong>f<\/strong>) using the <em>df<\/em> data set:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>f &lt;- ggplot(df, aes(x = dose, y = len))<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Basic bar plot\r\nf + geom_col()\r\n\r\n# Change fill color and add labels at the top (vjust = -0.3)\r\nf + geom_col(fill = \"#0073C2FF\") +\r\n  geom_text(aes(label = len), vjust = -0.3)\r\n   \r\n# Label inside bars, vjust = 1.6\r\nf + geom_col(fill = \"#0073C2FF\")+\r\n  geom_text(aes(label = len), vjust = 1.6, color = \"white\")<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-basic-barplot-1.png\" width=\"220.8\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-basic-barplot-2.png\" width=\"220.8\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-basic-barplot-3.png\" width=\"220.8\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Note that, it\u2019s possible to change the width of bars using the argument <code>width<\/code> (e.g.: width = 0.5)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"change-barplot-colors-by-groups\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Change barplot colors by groups<\/h2>\n<p>We\u2019ll change the barplot line and fill color by the variable <code>dose<\/code> group levels. To set a palette of custom color the function <code>scale_color_manual()<\/code> is used.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Change barplot line colors by groups\r\nf + geom_col(aes(color = dose), fill = \"white\") +\r\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"#00AFBB\", \"#E7B800\", \"#FC4E07\"))\r\n\r\n# Change barplot fill colors by groups\r\nf + geom_col(aes(fill = dose)) +\r\n  scale_fill_manual(values = c(\"#00AFBB\", \"#E7B800\", \"#FC4E07\"))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-change-color-by-groups-1.png\" width=\"307.2\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-change-color-by-groups-2.png\" width=\"307.2\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"barplot-with-multiple-groups\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Barplot with multiple groups<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Create stacked and dodged bar plots<\/strong>. Use the functions <code>scale_color_manual()<\/code> and <code>scale_fill_manual()<\/code> to set manually the bars border line colors and area fill colors.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Stacked bar plots of y = counts by x = cut,\r\n# colored by the variable color\r\nggplot(df2, aes(x = dose, y = len)) +\r\n  geom_col(aes(color = supp, fill = supp), position = position_stack()) +\r\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"#0073C2FF\", \"#EFC000FF\"))+\r\n  scale_fill_manual(values = c(\"#0073C2FF\", \"#EFC000FF\"))\r\n\r\n# Use position = position_dodge() \r\np &lt;- ggplot(df2, aes(x = dose, y = len)) +\r\n  geom_col(aes(color = supp, fill = supp), position = position_dodge(0.8), width = 0.7) +\r\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"#0073C2FF\", \"#EFC000FF\"))+\r\n  scale_fill_manual(values = c(\"#0073C2FF\", \"#EFC000FF\"))\r\np<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-grouped-barplots-1.png\" width=\"316.8\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-grouped-barplots-2.png\" width=\"316.8\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"notice\">\n<p>Note that, <code>position_stack()<\/code> automatically stack values in reverse order of the group aesthetic. This default ensures that bar colors align with the default legend. You can change this behavior by using <code>position = position_stack(reverse = TRUE)<\/code>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Add labels to a dodged barplot: <\/strong><\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + geom_text(\r\n  aes(label = len, group = supp), \r\n  position = position_dodge(0.8),\r\n  vjust = -0.3, size = 3.5\r\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-add-labels-to-dodged-bar-plots-1.png\" width=\"595.2\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Add labels to a stacked bar plots<\/strong>. 4 steps required to compute the position of text labels:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Group the data by the dose variable<\/li>\n<li>Sort the data by <code>dose<\/code> and <code>supp<\/code> columns. As <code>position_stack()<\/code> reverse the group order, <code>supp<\/code> column should be sorted in descending order.<\/li>\n<li>Calculate the cumulative sum of <code>len<\/code> for each <code>dose<\/code> category. Used as the y coordinates of labels. To put the label in the middle of the bars, we\u2019ll use <code>cumsum(len) - 0.5 * len<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>Create the bar graph and add labels<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Arrange\/sort and compute cumulative summs\r\nlibrary(dplyr)\r\n df2 &lt;- df2 %&gt;%\r\n  group_by(dose) %&gt;%\r\n  arrange(dose, desc(supp)) %&gt;%\r\n  mutate(lab_ypos = cumsum(len) - 0.5 * len) \r\ndf2<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>## # A tibble: 6 x 4\r\n## # Groups:   dose [3]\r\n##   supp  dose    len lab_ypos\r\n##   &lt;fct&gt; &lt;fct&gt; &lt;dbl&gt;    &lt;dbl&gt;\r\n## 1 VC    D0.5    6.8      3.4\r\n## 2 OJ    D0.5    4.2      8.9\r\n## 3 VC    D1     15        7.5\r\n## 4 OJ    D1     10       20  \r\n## 5 VC    D2     33       16.5\r\n## 6 OJ    D2     29.5     47.8<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Create stacked bar graphs with labels\r\nggplot(data = df2, aes(x = dose, y = len)) +\r\n  geom_col(aes(fill = supp), width = 0.7)+\r\n  geom_text(aes(y = lab_ypos, label = len, group =supp), color = \"white\") +\r\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"#0073C2FF\", \"#EFC000FF\"))+\r\n  scale_fill_manual(values = c(\"#0073C2FF\", \"#EFC000FF\"))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/010-ggplot-barplot-add-labels-to-stacked-bar-plots-1.png\" width=\"480\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"conclusion\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>This article describes how to create and customize barplot using the ggplot2 R package.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--end rdoc--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Barplot is used to show discrete, numerical comparisons across categories. One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared and the other axis represents a discrete value scale.This article describes how to create a barplot using the ggplot2 R package.You will learn how to: 1) Create basic and grouped barplots; 2) Add labels to a barplot; 3) Change the bar line and fill colors by group<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7873,"parent":0,"menu_order":14,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","class_list":["post-8321","dt_lessons","type-dt_lessons","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GGPlot Barplot Best Reference - Datanovia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Barplot is used to show discrete, numerical comparisons across categories. 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