{"id":16424,"date":"2020-05-24T12:38:40","date_gmt":"2020-05-24T11:38:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/?p=16424"},"modified":"2020-05-24T12:39:54","modified_gmt":"2020-05-24T11:39:54","slug":"ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/","title":{"rendered":"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdoc\">\n<p>This article describes how add space between the labels, on the top of the chart (bar plot, box plot, etc), and the plot border when using the <strong>ggplot2 facet functions<\/strong> (<code>facet_wrap()<\/code> and <code>facet_grid()<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>In the demo example, we\u2019ll create a publication ready plot with p-values using the <code>ggpubr<\/code> package, an extension of <code>ggplot2<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>Concerning adding spaces between the labels and plot top margin, you will learn multiple solutions, such as:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>Changing the y-axis limits<\/li>\n<li>Expanding the y-axis scales using the combination of the ggplot2 functions <code>scale_y_continuous()<\/code> and <code>expansion()<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Contents:<\/p>\n<div id=\"TOC\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#create-a-faceted-box-plot-with-p-values-labels\">Create a faceted box plot with p-values labels<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#solution-1-expanding-the-y-axis-using-the-ggplot2-function-expansion\">Solution 1: Expanding the y-axis using the ggplot2 function expansion()<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#solution-2-using-the-ggplot2-function-ylim\">Solution 2: Using the ggplot2 function ylim()<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"create-a-faceted-box-plot-with-p-values-labels\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Create a faceted box plot with p-values labels<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>library(ggpubr)\r\np &lt;- ggboxplot(\r\n   ToothGrowth, x = \"supp\", y = \"len\",\r\n   color = \"supp\", palette = \"jco\", \r\n   facet.by = \"dose\", short.panel.labs = FALSE\r\n   ) +\r\n   stat_compare_means(\r\n      method = \"t.test\", label = \"p.format\",\r\n      comparisons=list(c(\"OJ\",\"VC\"))\r\n      )\r\np<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/r-tutorial\/figures\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-faceted-box-plot-with-p-values-1.png\" width=\"576\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"warning\">\n<p>It can be seen that, p-values are not shown completely. In the next section we will show how to add more spaces between the p-value labels and the plot top border.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"solution-1-expanding-the-y-axis-using-the-ggplot2-function-expansion\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Solution 1: Expanding the y-axis using the ggplot2 function expansion()<\/h2>\n<p>Key R function:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>expansion(mult = 0, add = 0)<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>mult<\/code>: vector of multiplicative range expansion factors. If length 1, both the lower and upper limits of the scale are expanded outwards by the <code>mult<\/code> factor. If length 2, the lower limit is expanded by <code>mult[1]<\/code> and the upper limit by <code>mult[2]<\/code> factors.<\/li>\n<li><code>add<\/code>: vector of additive range expansion constants. If length 1, both the lower and upper limits of the scale are expanded outwards by add units. If length 2, the lower limit is expanded by <code>add[1]<\/code> and the upper limit by <code>add[2]<\/code> constants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># No space below the box plots\r\n# Add 10% space on the y-axis above the box plots\r\np +\r\n   scale_y_continuous(expand = expansion(mult = c(0, 0.1)))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/r-tutorial\/figures\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-expansion-add-space-above-the-chart-1.png\" width=\"576\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"solution-2-using-the-ggplot2-function-ylim\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Solution 2: Using the ggplot2 function ylim()<\/h2>\n<p>This is only useful if the scales are similar for the different facet panels.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + ylim (c(0, 45))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/r-tutorial\/figures\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-ylim-add-space-above-the-chart-1.png\" width=\"576\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"conclusion\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>This article describes how to add space between labels and the ggplot top border when using the facet functions. This can be easily achieved using the combinations of <code>scale_y_continuous()<\/code> and <code>expansion()<\/code>. Note that it\u2019s also possible to combine <code>scale_x_continuous()<\/code> and <code>expansion()<\/code> for adding spaces between data and the x-axis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--end rdoc--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article describes how add space between the labels, on the top of the chart (bar plot, box plot, etc), and the plot border when using the ggplot2 facet functions [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rating_form_position":"","rating_results_position":"","mr_structured_data_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[341,124],"tags":[131,343],"class_list":["post-16424","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-faq","category-ggplot2","tag-ggplot2-faq","tag-ggpubr"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border - Datanovia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border - Datanovia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article describes how add space between the labels, on the top of the chart (bar plot, box plot, etc), and the plot border when using the ggplot2 facet functions [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Datanovia\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-05-24T11:38:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-05-24T11:39:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1152\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"672\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Alboukadel\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Alboukadel\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Alboukadel\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/7767cf2bd5c91a1610c6eb53a0ff069e\"},\"headline\":\"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-24T11:38:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-24T11:39:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/\"},\"wordCount\":318,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png\",\"keywords\":[\"ggplot2 FAQ\",\"ggpubr\"],\"articleSection\":[\"FAQ\",\"ggplot2\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/\",\"name\":\"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border - Datanovia\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-05-24T11:38:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-05-24T11:39:54+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png\",\"width\":1152,\"height\":672,\"caption\":\"ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Datanovia\",\"description\":\"Data Mining and Statistics for Decision Support\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Datanovia\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/datanovia-logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/datanovia-logo.png\",\"width\":98,\"height\":99,\"caption\":\"Datanovia\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/7767cf2bd5c91a1610c6eb53a0ff069e\",\"name\":\"Alboukadel\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ed3108646c5c7c3d188324ab972f96ad7d9975b41b94014d7f68257791be395a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ed3108646c5c7c3d188324ab972f96ad7d9975b41b94014d7f68257791be395a?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Alboukadel\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/author\/kassambara\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border - Datanovia","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border - Datanovia","og_description":"This article describes how add space between the labels, on the top of the chart (bar plot, box plot, etc), and the plot border when using the ggplot2 facet functions [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/","og_site_name":"Datanovia","article_published_time":"2020-05-24T11:38:40+00:00","article_modified_time":"2020-05-24T11:39:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1152,"height":672,"url":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Alboukadel","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Alboukadel","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/"},"author":{"name":"Alboukadel","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/7767cf2bd5c91a1610c6eb53a0ff069e"},"headline":"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border","datePublished":"2020-05-24T11:38:40+00:00","dateModified":"2020-05-24T11:39:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/"},"wordCount":318,"commentCount":1,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png","keywords":["ggplot2 FAQ","ggpubr"],"articleSection":["FAQ","ggplot2"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/","url":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/","name":"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border - Datanovia","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png","datePublished":"2020-05-24T11:38:40+00:00","dateModified":"2020-05-24T11:39:54+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png","width":1152,"height":672,"caption":"ggplot-facet-add-space-between-labels-and-plot-top-border-logo-1.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-facet-how-to-add-space-between-labels-on-the-top-of-the-chart-and-the-plot-border\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"GGPLOT Facet: How to Add Space Between Labels on the Top of the Chart and the Plot Border"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/","name":"Datanovia","description":"Data Mining and Statistics for Decision Support","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#organization","name":"Datanovia","url":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/datanovia-logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/datanovia-logo.png","width":98,"height":99,"caption":"Datanovia"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/7767cf2bd5c91a1610c6eb53a0ff069e","name":"Alboukadel","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ed3108646c5c7c3d188324ab972f96ad7d9975b41b94014d7f68257791be395a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/ed3108646c5c7c3d188324ab972f96ad7d9975b41b94014d7f68257791be395a?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Alboukadel"},"url":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/author\/kassambara\/"}]}},"multi-rating":{"mr_rating_results":[]},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16424","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16424"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16424\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16428,"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16424\/revisions\/16428"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16424"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16424"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16424"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}