{"id":8159,"date":"2018-11-11T12:05:51","date_gmt":"2018-11-11T10:05:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/?p=8159"},"modified":"2019-12-25T11:26:00","modified_gmt":"2019-12-25T09:26:00","slug":"ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption\/","title":{"rendered":"GGPlot Title, Subtitle and Caption"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdoc\">\n<p>This article describes how to add and change a <em>main<\/em> <strong>title<\/strong>, a <strong>subtitle<\/strong> and a <strong>caption<\/strong> to a graph generated using the <strong>ggplot2<\/strong> R package. We\u2019ll show also how to <em>center<\/em> the title <em>position<\/em>, as well as, how to change the title font size and color.<\/p>\n<p>In this R graphics tutorial, you will learn how to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Add titles and subtitles<\/strong> by using either the function <em>ggtitle<\/em>() or <em>labs<\/em>().<\/li>\n<li><strong>Add caption<\/strong> to a ggplot and change the position.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Split a long title into two lines<\/strong> or more using \\n as a text separator.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Change the font appearance<\/strong> (text <em>size<\/em>, <em>color<\/em> and <em>face<\/em>) of titles and caption. For example, to set a <em>bold<\/em> ggplot title, use this: <code>p + theme(plot.title = element_text(face = \"bold\"))<\/code>. The allowed values for the font face include: \u201cplain\u201d, \u201citalic\u201d, \u201cbold\u201d and \u201cbold.italic\u201d.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Change title position to the center or to any other locations<\/strong> (left, right). The default ggplot title alignment is not centered. It is on the left. It\u2019s possible to put the title in the middle of the chart by specifying the argument <code>hjust = 0.5<\/code> in the function <code>element_text()<\/code>: <code>p + theme(plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5))<\/code>. The options <code>hjust = 1<\/code> and <code>hjust = 0<\/code> place titles on the right and the left side of the plot, respectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Contents:<\/p>\n<div id=\"TOC\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#key-ggplot2-r-functions\">Key ggplot2 R functions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#add-main-title-subtitle-and-caption\">Add main title, subtitle and caption<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#change-title-and-caption-style-font-size-color-and-face\">Change title and caption style: font size, color and face<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#center-the-title-position\">Center the title position<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#change-caption-position\">Change caption position<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"key-ggplot2-r-functions\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Key ggplot2 R functions<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Start by creating a box plot using the <code>ToothGrowth<\/code> data set:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>library(ggplot2)\r\np &lt;- ggplot(ToothGrowth, aes(x = factor(dose), y = len)) + \r\n  geom_boxplot()<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Add titles using one of the following functions:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"block\">\n<ul>\n<li>p + <em>ggtitle<\/em>(\u201cMain title\u201d, subtitle = \u201cMy subtitle\u201d)<\/li>\n<li>p + <em>labs<\/em>(title = \u201cMain title\u201d, subtitle = \u201cMy subtitle\u201d, caption = \u201cMy caption\u201d)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Key ggplot2 theme options to change the font of titles and captions:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>theme(\r\n  plot.title = element_text(),\r\n  plot.subtitle.title = element_text(),\r\n  plot.caption = element_text()\r\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Arguments of the function <code>element_text()<\/code> includes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>color, size, face, family: to change the text font color, size, face (\u201cplain\u201d, \u201citalic\u201d, \u201cbold\u201d, \u201cbold.italic\u201d) and family.<\/li>\n<li>lineheight: change space between two lines of text elements. Number between 0 and 1. Useful for multi-line plot titles.<\/li>\n<li>hjust and vjust: number in [0, 1], for horizontal and vertical adjustment of titles, respectively.\n<ul>\n<li><code>hjust = 0.5<\/code>: Center the plot titles.<\/li>\n<li><code>hjust = 1<\/code>: Place the plot title on the right<\/li>\n<li><code>hjust = 0<\/code>: Place the plot title on the left<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"add-main-title-subtitle-and-caption\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Add main title, subtitle and caption<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Use the function <code>labs()<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Default plot\r\nprint(p)\r\n\r\n# Add titles\r\np &lt;- p + labs(title = \"Effect of Vitamin C on Tooth Growth\",\r\n              subtitle = \"Plot of length by dose\",\r\n              caption = \"Data source: ToothGrowth\")\r\np<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/020-ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption-add-titles-1.png\" width=\"336\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/020-ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption-add-titles-2.png\" width=\"336\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alternatively, you can use the function <code>ggtitle()<\/code> as follow:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + ggtitle(label = \"Effect of Vitamin C on Tooth Growth\",\r\n              subtitle = \"Plot of length by dose\")<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>If the title is too long, you can split it into two or multiple lines using \\n. In this case you can adjust the space between text lines by specifying the argument <code>lineheight<\/code> in the theme function <code>element_text()<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + labs(title = \"Effect of Vitamin C on Tooth Growth \\n in Guinea Pigs\")+\r\n  theme(plot.title = element_text(lineheight = 0.9))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/020-ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption-title-two-lines-1.png\" width=\"518.4\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"change-title-and-caption-style-font-size-color-and-face\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Change title and caption style: font size, color and face<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Key functions: <code>theme()<\/code> and <code>element_text(color, size, face)<\/code><\/li>\n<li>Allowed values for font face: \u201cplain\u201d, \u201citalic\u201d, \u201cbold\u201d and \u201cbold.italic\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + theme(\r\n  plot.title = element_text(color = \"red\", size = 12, face = \"bold\"),\r\n  plot.subtitle = element_text(color = \"blue\"),\r\n  plot.caption = element_text(color = \"green\", face = \"italic\")\r\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/020-ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption-font-size-color-face-1.png\" width=\"336\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"center-the-title-position\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Center the title position<\/h2>\n<p>Specify the argument <code>hjust = 0.5<\/code> in the function <code>element_text()<\/code> to put the title in the middle:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + theme(\r\n  plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5),\r\n  plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5)\r\n)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/020-ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption-center-title-1.png\" width=\"336\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Other locations adjustment for titles include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>hjust = 1<\/code>: Place the title on the right<\/li>\n<li><code>hjust = 0<\/code>: Place the title on the left<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"change-caption-position\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Change caption position<\/h2>\n<p>As for titles, you can modify the caption position using <code>hjust<\/code>. For example to place the caption on the plot left side, type this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + theme(\r\n  plot.caption = element_text(hjust = 0)\r\n  )<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/020-ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption-change-caption-position-1.png\" width=\"518.4\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"conclusion\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Create an example of ggplot:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>library(ggplot2)\r\np &lt;- ggplot(ToothGrowth, aes(x = factor(dose), y = len)) + \r\n  geom_boxplot()<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Add titles, subtitles and captions:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Add titles and a caption\r\np + labs(title = \"Effect of Vitamin C on Tooth Growth\",\r\n        subtitle = \"Plot of length by dose\",\r\n        caption = \"Data source: ToothGrowth\")+\r\n  theme(\r\n    plot.title = element_text(hjust = 0.5, size = 14),    # Center title position and size\r\n    plot.subtitle = element_text(hjust = 0.5),            # Center subtitle\r\n    plot.caption = element_text(hjust = 0, face = \"italic\")# move caption to the left\r\n  )<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--end rdoc--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article describes how to add and change a main title, a subtitle and a caption to a graph generated using the ggplot2 R package. We\u2019ll show also how to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7838,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rating_form_position":"","rating_results_position":"","mr_structured_data_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[315],"class_list":["post-8159","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ggplot2","tag-ggplot2-graphical-parameters"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GGPlot Title, Subtitle and Caption : The Ultimate Guide - Datanovia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"You will learn how to add and change a ggplot main title, subtitle and caption, as well as, how to change the title position font size and color.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GGPlot Title, Subtitle and Caption : The Ultimate Guide - 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