{"id":8169,"date":"2018-11-12T23:08:47","date_gmt":"2018-11-12T21:08:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/?p=8169"},"modified":"2019-12-25T11:23:49","modified_gmt":"2019-12-25T09:23:49","slug":"ggplot-axis-limits-and-scales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-axis-limits-and-scales\/","title":{"rendered":"GGPlot Axis Limits and Scales"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdoc\">\n<p>This article describes R functions for changing <strong>ggplot axis limits<\/strong> (or <strong>scales<\/strong>). We\u2019ll describe how to specify the minimum and the maximum values of axes.<\/p>\n<p>Among the different functions available in ggplot2 for setting the axis range, the <code>coord_cartesian()<\/code> function is the most preferred, because it zoom the plot without clipping the data.<\/p>\n<p>In this R graphics tutorial, you will learn how to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Change axis limits<\/strong> using <code>coord_cartesian()<\/code>, <code>xlim()<\/code>, <code>ylim()<\/code> and more.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Set the intercept of x and y axes<\/strong> at zero (0,0).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Expand the plot limits<\/strong> to ensure that limits include a single value for all plots or panels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Contents:<\/p>\n<div id=\"TOC\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#key-ggplot2-r-functions\">Key ggplot2 R functions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#change-axis-limits\">Change axis limits<\/a>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#use-coord_cartesian\">Use coord_cartesian<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#use-xlim-and-ylim\">Use xlim and ylim<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#use-scale_x_continuous-and-scale_y_continuous\">Use scale_x_continuous and scale_y_continuous<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#expand-plot-limits\">Expand plot limits<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"key-ggplot2-r-functions\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Key ggplot2 R functions<\/h2>\n<p>Start by creating a scatter plot using the <code>cars<\/code> data set:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>library(ggplot2)\r\np &lt;- ggplot(cars, aes(x = speed, y = dist)) + \r\n  geom_point()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>3 Key functions are available to set the axis limits and scales<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\">\n<li>Without clipping (preferred). Cartesian coordinates. The Cartesian coordinate system is the most common type of coordinate system. It will zoom the plot, without clipping the data.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + coord_cartesian(xlim = c(5, 20), ylim = c(0, 50))<\/code><\/pre>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\" start=\"2\">\n<li>With clipping the data (removes unseen data points). Observations not in this range will be dropped completely and not passed to any other layers.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Use this\r\np + scale_x_continuous(limits = c(5, 20)) + \r\n  scale_y_continuous(limits = c(0, 50))\r\n\r\n# Or this shothand functions\r\np + xlim(5, 20) + ylim(0, 50)<\/code><\/pre>\n<div class=\"warning\">\n<p>Note that, <code>scale_x_continuous()<\/code> and <code>scale_y_continuous()<\/code> remove all data points outside the given range and, the <code>coord_cartesian()<\/code> function only adjusts the visible area.<\/p>\n<p>In most cases you would not see the difference, but if you fit anything to the data the functions <code>scale_x_continuous() \/ scale_y_continuous()<\/code> would probably change the fitted values.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ol style=\"list-style-type: decimal;\" start=\"3\">\n<li>Expand the plot limits to ensure that a given value is included in all panels or all plots.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># set the intercept of x and y axes at (0,0)\r\np + expand_limits(x = 0, y = 0)\r\n\r\n# Expand plot limits\r\np + expand_limits(x = c(5, 50), y = c(0, 150))<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"change-axis-limits\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Change axis limits<\/h2>\n<div id=\"use-coord_cartesian\" class=\"section level3\">\n<h3>Use coord_cartesian<\/h3>\n<p>Most common coordinate system (preferred). Zoom the plot.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Default plot\r\nprint(p)\r\n\r\n# Change axis limits using coord_cartesian()\r\np + coord_cartesian(xlim =c(5, 20), ylim = c(0, 50))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/022-ggplot-axis-limits-and-scales-coord_cartesian-1.png\" width=\"288\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/022-ggplot-axis-limits-and-scales-coord_cartesian-2.png\" width=\"288\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"use-xlim-and-ylim\" class=\"section level3\">\n<h3>Use xlim and ylim<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>p + xlim(min, max): change x axis limits<\/li>\n<li>p + ylim(min, max): change y axis limits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Any values outside the limits will be replaced by NA and dropped.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + xlim(5, 20) + ylim(0, 50)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"use-scale_x_continuous-and-scale_y_continuous\" class=\"section level3\">\n<h3>Use scale_x_continuous and scale_y_continuous<\/h3>\n<p>Can be used to change, at the same time, the axis scales and labels, respectively:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + scale_x_continuous(name = \"Speed of cars\", limits = c(0, 30)) +\r\n  scale_y_continuous(name = \"Stopping distance\", limits = c(0, 150))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/022-ggplot-axis-limits-and-scales-scale-continuous-1.png\" width=\"240\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"expand-plot-limits\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Expand plot limits<\/h2>\n<p>Key function <code>expand_limits()<\/code>. Can be used to :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>quickly set the intercept of x and y axes at (0,0)<\/li>\n<li>expand the limits of x and y axes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># set the intercept of x and y axis at (0,0)\r\np + expand_limits(x = 0, y = 0)\r\n\r\n# change the axis limits\r\np + expand_limits(x=c(0,30), y=c(0, 150))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/022-ggplot-axis-limits-and-scales-expand-limits-1.png\" width=\"288\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/022-ggplot-axis-limits-and-scales-expand-limits-2.png\" width=\"288\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"conclusion\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Create an example of ggplot:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>library(ggplot2)\r\np &lt;- ggplot(cars, aes(x = speed, y = dist)) + \r\n  geom_point()<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Set a ggplot axis limits:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + coord_cartesian(xlim = c(5, 20), ylim = (0, 50))<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Set the intercept of x and y axis at zero (0, 0) coordinates:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>p + expand_limits(x = 0, y = 0)<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--end rdoc--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article describes R functions for changing ggplot axis limits (or scales). We\u2019ll describe how to specify the minimum and the maximum values of axes. Among the different functions available [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rating_form_position":"","rating_results_position":"","mr_structured_data_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[315],"class_list":["post-8169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ggplot2","tag-ggplot2-graphical-parameters"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>GGPlot Axis Limits and Scales : Improve Your Graphs in 2 Minutes - Datanovia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"You will learn the best strategy to specify the minimum and the maximum values of axes. 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