{"id":8288,"date":"2018-12-25T11:54:04","date_gmt":"2018-12-25T09:54:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/?p=8288"},"modified":"2019-12-25T11:12:56","modified_gmt":"2019-12-25T09:12:56","slug":"pch-in-r-best-tips","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/pch-in-r-best-tips\/","title":{"rendered":"PCH in R Best Tips"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdoc\">\n<p>This article describes the different <strong>pch in R<\/strong> for modifying the point symbols of an R base plot. The option <code>pch<\/code> is used to specify point symbols in the functions <code>plot()<\/code> and <code>lines()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>In this tutorial, you\u2019ll learn how to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Display easily the list of pch in R<\/strong>. The R function <code>ggpubr::show_point_shapes()<\/code> can be used to show the 25 commonly used R pch values.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Change the R base plot pch symbols and appearance<\/strong>. Additionally, we provide R codes to modify the plot <strong>pch size<\/strong> and <strong>pch color<\/strong>, as well as, the <strong>legend pch<\/strong>. key arguments in <code>plot()<\/code> function:\n<ul>\n<li><code>pch<\/code>: numeric values (from 0 to 25) or character symbols (\u201c+\u201d, \u201c.\u201d, \u201c;\u201d, etc) specifying the point symbols (or shapes).<\/li>\n<li><code>cex<\/code>: numeric values indicating the point size.<\/li>\n<li><code>col<\/code>: color name for points.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Control pch types by groups<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Use special pch types, including pch 21 and pch 24<\/strong>. The interesting feature of these pch codes is that you can change their background fill color and, their border line type and color.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Contents:<\/p>\n<div id=\"TOC\">\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#key-r-functions\">Key R functions<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#list-of-pch-symbols\">List of pch symbols<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#demo-dataset\">Demo dataset<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#change-r-base-plot-point-shapes\">Change R base plot point shapes<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"key-r-functions\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Key R functions<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><code>plot(x, y, pch = 19,  col = \"black\", cex = 1)<\/code>: Base R plot function to create a scatter plot.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"list-of-pch-symbols\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>List of pch symbols<\/h2>\n<p>The most commonly used pch values in R, include:<\/p>\n<div class=\"block\">\n<ul>\n<li>pch = 0, square<\/li>\n<li>pch = 1, circle<\/li>\n<li>pch = 2, triangle point up<\/li>\n<li>pch = 3, plus<\/li>\n<li>pch = 4, cross<\/li>\n<li>pch = 5, diamond<\/li>\n<li>pch = 6, triangle point down<\/li>\n<li>pch = 7, square cross<\/li>\n<li>pch = 8, star<\/li>\n<li>pch = 9, diamond plus<\/li>\n<li>pch = 10, circle plus<\/li>\n<li>pch = 11, triangles up and down<\/li>\n<li>pch = 12, square plus<\/li>\n<li>pch = 13, circle cross<\/li>\n<li>pch = 14, square and triangle down<\/li>\n<li>pch = 15, filled square<\/li>\n<li>pch = 16, filled circle<\/li>\n<li>pch = 17, filled triangle point-up<\/li>\n<li>pch = 18, filled diamond<\/li>\n<li>pch = 19, solid circle<\/li>\n<li>pch = 20, bullet (smaller circle)<\/li>\n<li>pch = 21, filled circle blue<\/li>\n<li>pch = 22, filled square blue<\/li>\n<li>pch = 23, filled diamond blue<\/li>\n<li>pch = 24, filled triangle point-up blue<\/li>\n<li>pch = 25, filled triangle point down blue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>The function below illustrates the different pch values. First install the <code>ggpubr<\/code> package (<code>install.packages(\"ggpubr\")<\/code>), and then type this:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>ggpubr::show_point_shapes()<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/106-pch-in-r-r-pch-list-showing-different-point-shapes-in-rstudio-1.png\" width=\"288\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"warning\">\n<p>Note that,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>points can be omitted from the plot using pch = NA.<\/li>\n<li>Other different characters symbols can be used to specify the pch argument, including \u201c+\u201d, \u201c*\u201c,\u201d-\u201c,\u201d.\u201c,\u201d#, \u201c%\u201d, \u201co\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>pch options from pch 21 to 25 are open symbols that can be filled by a color.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"demo-dataset\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Demo dataset<\/h2>\n<p>We\u2019ll use the R built-in datasets: <code>iris<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>head(iris, 3)<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre><code>##   Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species\r\n## 1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa\r\n## 2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa\r\n## 3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"change-r-base-plot-point-shapes\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Change R base plot point shapes<\/h2>\n<p>The default R plot <code>pch<\/code> symbol is 1, which is an empty circle. You can change this to <code>pch = 19<\/code> (solid circle) or to <code>pch = 21<\/code> (filled circle).<\/p>\n<p>For example:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Default plot pch = 1 (empty circle)\r\nplot(x = iris$Sepal.Length, y = iris$Sepal.Width, frame = FALSE,\r\n     xlab = \"Sepal Length\", ylab = \"Sepal Width\")\r\n\r\n# Change plot symbol to pch = 19 (solid circle)\r\nplot(x = iris$Sepal.Length, y = iris$Sepal.Width, frame = FALSE,\r\n     xlab = \"Sepal Length\", ylab = \"Sepal Width\",\r\n     pch = 19)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/106-pch-in-r-r-plot-pch-values-1.png\" width=\"336\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/106-pch-in-r-r-plot-pch-values-2.png\" width=\"336\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To change the color and the size of points, use the following arguments:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>col<\/code>: color (hexadecimal color code or color name). For example, <code>col = \"blue\"<\/code> or <code>col = \"#4F6228\"<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code>cex<\/code>: the size of point symbols. Numeric values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For the filled pch symbols (21 to 25), you can use additional plot options to modify the points background color (<code>bg<\/code>) and the border line width (<code>lwd<\/code>):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code>bg<\/code>: the background (or fill) color for the open plot symbols (21 to 25).<\/li>\n<li><code>lwd<\/code>: Numeric values indicating the line width of the plotting symbols border.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Change color\r\nplot(x = iris$Sepal.Length, y = iris$Sepal.Width, frame = FALSE,\r\n     xlab = \"Sepal Length\", ylab = \"Sepal Width\",\r\n     pch = 19, col =  \"#0073C2FF\")\r\n\r\n# Use pch = 21\r\n# Change border line width (lwd), and background color (bg)\r\nplot(x = iris$Sepal.Length, y = iris$Sepal.Width, frame = FALSE,\r\n     xlab = \"Sepal Length\", ylab = \"Sepal Width\",\r\n     pch = 21, bg = \"lightgray\", col = \"black\", \r\n     lwd = 0.9, cex = 1.5)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/106-pch-in-r-change-plot-symbols-color-and-size-1.png\" width=\"336\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/106-pch-in-r-change-plot-symbols-color-and-size-2.png\" width=\"336\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Note that point color and pch can be also a vector. For example, you might want to change point colors and shapes by groups:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Define color for each of the 3 iris species\r\ncolors &lt;- c(\"#00AFBB\", \"#E7B800\", \"#FC4E07\")\r\ncolors &lt;- colors[as.numeric(iris$Species)]\r\n\r\n# Define shapes\r\nshapes = c(16, 17, 18) \r\nshapes &lt;- shapes[as.numeric(iris$Species)]\r\n\r\n# Plot\r\nplot(x = iris$Sepal.Length, y = iris$Sepal.Width, frame = FALSE,\r\n     xlab = \"Sepal Length\", ylab = \"Sepal Width\",\r\n     col = colors, pch = shapes)\r\nlegend(\"topright\", legend = levels(iris$Species),\r\n      col =  c(\"#00AFBB\", \"#E7B800\", \"#FC4E07\"),\r\n      pch = c(16, 17, 18) )<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/106-pch-in-r-pch-color-by-groups-and-legend-pch-1.png\" width=\"384\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"conclusion\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>This article describes the different point shapes (or pch symbols) available in R.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Display the different point symbols in R:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>ggpubr::show_point_shapes()<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li>Change point symbols in R base plots. Use <strong>pch<\/strong>, <strong>cex<\/strong> and <strong>col<\/strong> to change, respectively, the symbols, the size and the color of points in R base plots:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>plot(x = iris$Sepal.Length, y = iris$Sepal.Width, frame = FALSE,\r\n     xlab = \"Sepal Length\", ylab = \"Sepal Width\",\r\n     pch = 19, cex = 1, col = \"#00AFBB\")<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--end rdoc--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article describes the different pch in R for modifying the point symbols of an R base plot. The option pch is used to specify point symbols in the functions [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7817,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rating_form_position":"","rating_results_position":"","mr_structured_data_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[128],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8288","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-r-base"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PCH in R Best Tips - Datanovia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"You will learn the different pch in R for modifying the point symbols of an R base plot. 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