{"id":8403,"date":"2019-01-12T10:04:39","date_gmt":"2019-01-12T08:04:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/?p=8403"},"modified":"2019-12-25T10:28:09","modified_gmt":"2019-12-25T08:28:09","slug":"how-to-change-ggplot-labels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/how-to-change-ggplot-labels\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Change GGPlot Labels: Title, Axis and Legend"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"rdoc\">\n<div id=\"introduction\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>In this article, you will learn how to modify <strong>ggplot labels<\/strong>, including main title, subtitle, axis labels, caption, legend titles and tag.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Plot title and subtitle provides insights into the main findings<\/li>\n<li>Caption are generally used to describe the data source<\/li>\n<li>Tag can be used for differentiating between multiple plots.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class='dt-sc-hr-invisible-medium  '><\/div>\n<div class='dt-sc-ico-content type1'><div class='custom-icon' ><a href='https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/product\/ggplot2-essentials-for-great-data-visualization-in-r\/' target='_blank'><span class='fa fa-book'><\/span><\/a><\/div><h4><a href='https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/product\/ggplot2-essentials-for-great-data-visualization-in-r\/' target='_blank'> Related Book <\/a><\/h4>GGPlot2 Essentials for Great Data Visualization in R<\/div>\n<div class='dt-sc-hr-invisible-medium  '><\/div>\n<div id=\"prerequisites\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Prerequisites<\/h2>\n<p>Load required packages and set the theme function <code>theme_classic()<\/code> as the default theme:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>library(ggplot2) \r\ntheme_set(theme_classic())<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Create a basic plot using the dataset <code>ToothGrowth<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code># Convert the variable dose from numeric to factor variable\r\nToothGrowth$dose &lt;- as.factor(ToothGrowth$dose)\r\n\r\n# Create a boxplot colored by dose group levels\r\nbxp &lt;- ggplot(ToothGrowth, aes(x = dose, y = len)) + \r\n  geom_boxplot(aes(color = dose)) +\r\n  scale_color_manual(values = c(\"#00AFBB\", \"#E7B800\", \"#FC4E07\"))\r\nbxp<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/124-ggplot-labels-box-plot-1.png\" width=\"384\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"key-r-functions\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Key R functions<\/h2>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>labs(..., title = waiver(), subtitle = waiver(), caption = waiver(),\r\n  tag = waiver())\r\n\r\nxlab(label)\r\n\r\nylab(label)\r\n\r\nggtitle(label, subtitle = waiver())<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><code>...<\/code>: A list of new name-value pairs. The name should be an aesthetic. For example <code>p + labs(title = \"Main title\", x = \"X axis label\", y = \"Y axis label\")<\/code> changes main title and axis labels.<\/li>\n<li><code>title<\/code>: plot main title.<\/li>\n<li><code>subtitle<\/code>: the text for the subtitle for the plot which will be displayed below the title.<\/li>\n<li><code>caption<\/code>: the text for the caption which will be displayed in the bottom-right of the plot by default.<\/li>\n<li><code>tag<\/code>: the text for the tag label which will be displayed at the top-left of the plot by default.<\/li>\n<li><code>label<\/code>: the title of the respective axis (for xlab() or ylab()) or of the plot (for ggtitle()).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"add-titles-and-axis-labels\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Add titles and axis labels<\/h2>\n<p>In this section, we\u2019ll use the function <code>labs()<\/code> to change the main title, the subtitle, the axis labels and captions.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s also possible to use the functions <code>ggtitle()<\/code>, <code>xlab()<\/code> and <code>ylab()<\/code> to modify the plot title, subtitle, x and y axis labels.<\/p>\n<p>Add a title, subtitle, caption and change axis labels:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>bxp &lt;- bxp + labs(title = \"Effect of Vitamin C on Tooth Growth\",\r\n              subtitle = \"Plot of length by dose\",\r\n              caption = \"Data source: ToothGrowth\",\r\n              x = \"Dose (mg)\", y = \"Teeth length\",\r\n              tag = \"A\")\r\nbxp<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/124-ggplot-labels-add-titles-and-axis-labels-1.png\" width=\"384\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"modify-legend-titles\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Modify legend titles<\/h2>\n<p>You can use <code>labs()<\/code> to changes the legend title for a given aesthetics (fill, color, size, shape, . . . ). For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use <code>p + labs(fill = \"dose\")<\/code> for geom_boxplot(aes(fill = dose))<\/li>\n<li>Use <code>p + labs(color = \"dose\")<\/code> for geom_boxplot(aes(color = dose))<\/li>\n<li>and so on for linetype, shape, etc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>bxp + labs(color = \"Dose (mg)\")<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/124-ggplot-labels-change-legend-titles-1.png\" width=\"384\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"split-long-titles\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Split long titles<\/h2>\n<p>If the title is too long, you can split it into multiple lines using \\n. In this case you can adjust the space between text lines by specifying the argument <code>lineheight<\/code> in the theme function <code>element_text()<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"r\"><code>bxp + labs(title = \"Effect of Vitamin C on Tooth Growth \\n in Guinea Pigs\")+\r\n  theme(plot.title = element_text(lineheight = 0.9))<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/dn-tutorials\/ggplot2\/figures\/124-ggplot-labels-title-two-lines-1.png\" width=\"384\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"read-more\" class=\"section level2\">\n<h2>Read more<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-title-subtitle-and-caption\/\">GGPlot Title, Subtitle and Caption<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/ggplot-axis-labels\/\">GGPlot Axis Labels<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!--end rdoc--><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction In this article, you will learn how to modify ggplot labels, including main title, subtitle, axis labels, caption, legend titles and tag. Plot title and subtitle provides insights into [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7720,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rating_form_position":"","rating_results_position":"","mr_structured_data_type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[124],"tags":[131],"class_list":["post-8403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ggplot2","tag-ggplot2-faq"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to Change GGPlot Labels: Title, Axis and Legend: Title, Axis and Legend - Datanovia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this article, you will learn how to modify ggplot labels, including main title, subtitle, axis labels, caption, legend titles and tag.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.datanovia.com\/en\/blog\/how-to-change-ggplot-labels\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to Change GGPlot Labels: Title, Axis and Legend: Title, Axis and Legend - 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